Pulmonology Department: Conditions, Tests and When to Go
Pulmonology, also called respiratory medicine, focuses on the lungs and breathing. Pulmonologists treat infections, long-term airway diseases and conditions that lower the oxygen level in the blood. A normal oxygen saturation (SpO2) at rest is usually 95-100%.
What Does Pulmonology Treat?
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Pneumonia and chest infections
- Tuberculosis
- Sleep apnoea
- Lung scarring (interstitial lung disease)
Common Tests in Pulmonology
- Spirometry and lung function tests
- Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas
- Chest X-ray and CT scan
- Sputum tests
- Bronchoscopy
- Sleep studies
When Should You See a Pulmonology Specialist?
- Breathlessness that is new or getting worse
- Cough lasting more than three weeks or coughing blood
- Wheeze that does not settle with your inhaler
- Lips turning blue (emergency)
Who Works in Pulmonology?
Respiratory teams include pulmonologists, respiratory therapists, specialist nurses and sleep technicians.
Patient Tip
Ask your clinician to check your inhaler technique at each visit; it makes a large difference.
How to Prepare for Your Visit
- Write down your symptoms, when they started and what makes them better or worse.
- Bring a list of all medicines and supplements, with doses.
- Carry previous reports, scans and discharge summaries.
- Note your questions in advance and, if possible, bring a family member.
Questions to Ask Your Pulmonology Specialist
- What is the most likely cause of my symptoms, and what else could it be?
- Which tests do I need, and what will the results change?
- What are the benefits and risks of each treatment option, including doing nothing?
- Which warning signs mean I should return urgently?
Getting Referred
In Pakistan and many other countries, the usual route to a Pulmonology specialist is through a family physician or general practitioner, who can start tests and write a referral. Large teaching hospitals and specialist centres also run outpatient clinics. In an emergency, go straight to the nearest emergency department.
Related Guides on ghkh.site
This Pulmonology department guide is educational and based on public information from WHO, CDC, NIH and NHS. It does not replace advice from a qualified clinician. Explore all specialties in our medical departments directory.