Nephrology Department: Conditions, Tests and When to Go
Nephrology looks after the kidneys, which filter waste from the blood and balance water, salts and acid. Nephrologists manage chronic kidney disease, dialysis and kidney transplant care, and help control blood pressure, which is closely linked to kidney health.
What Does Nephrology Treat?
- Chronic kidney disease
- Acute kidney injury
- Kidney damage from diabetes and high blood pressure
- Glomerulonephritis
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Dialysis and kidney transplant care
Common Tests in Nephrology
- Creatinine and eGFR
- Urine protein (albumin) tests
- Electrolytes
- Kidney ultrasound
- Kidney biopsy in selected cases
When Should You See a Nephrology Specialist?
- Swelling of legs or face
- Much less urine than usual
- Foamy or bloody urine
- Abnormal kidney blood tests
Who Works in Nephrology?
Kidney care teams include nephrologists, dialysis nurses, transplant coordinators and renal dietitians.
Patient Tip
Keep blood pressure and blood sugar well controlled to protect kidney function.
How to Prepare for Your Visit
- Write down your symptoms, when they started and what makes them better or worse.
- Bring a list of all medicines and supplements, with doses.
- Carry previous reports, scans and discharge summaries.
- Note your questions in advance and, if possible, bring a family member.
Questions to Ask Your Nephrology Specialist
- What is the most likely cause of my symptoms, and what else could it be?
- Which tests do I need, and what will the results change?
- What are the benefits and risks of each treatment option, including doing nothing?
- Which warning signs mean I should return urgently?
Getting Referred
In Pakistan and many other countries, the usual route to a Nephrology specialist is through a family physician or general practitioner, who can start tests and write a referral. Large teaching hospitals and specialist centres also run outpatient clinics. In an emergency, go straight to the nearest emergency department.
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This Nephrology department guide is educational and based on public information from WHO, CDC, NIH and NHS. It does not replace advice from a qualified clinician. Explore all specialties in our medical departments directory.