Laboratory and Pathology Department: Conditions, Tests and When to Go
Laboratory medicine and pathology analyse blood, urine and tissue samples. Around seven in ten medical decisions rely on lab results, from blood counts to cancer diagnosis.
What Does Laboratory and Pathology Treat?
- Blood counts and anaemia
- Blood sugar and HbA1c
- Liver and kidney function
- Thyroid tests
- Infection tests and cultures
- Tissue diagnosis (histopathology)
Common Tests in Laboratory and Pathology
- CBC
- HbA1c and glucose
- LFT and RFT
- Lipid profile
- TSH
- Cultures, PCR and biopsies
When Should You See a Laboratory and Pathology Specialist?
- When your doctor orders tests
- Follow fasting instructions if given
- Bring your test request and ID
- Ask what the result means for you
Who Works in Laboratory and Pathology?
Labs are run by pathologists, microbiologists, clinical chemists and laboratory scientists.
Patient Tip
Normal ranges vary between labs; always compare with the range printed on your report.
How to Prepare for Your Visit
- Write down your symptoms, when they started and what makes them better or worse.
- Bring a list of all medicines and supplements, with doses.
- Carry previous reports, scans and discharge summaries.
- Note your questions in advance and, if possible, bring a family member.
Questions to Ask Your Laboratory and Pathology Specialist
- What is the most likely cause of my symptoms, and what else could it be?
- Which tests do I need, and what will the results change?
- What are the benefits and risks of each treatment option, including doing nothing?
- Which warning signs mean I should return urgently?
Getting Referred
In Pakistan and many other countries, the usual route to a Laboratory and Pathology specialist is through a family physician or general practitioner, who can start tests and write a referral. Large teaching hospitals and specialist centres also run outpatient clinics. In an emergency, go straight to the nearest emergency department.
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This Laboratory and Pathology department guide is educational and based on public information from WHO, CDC, NIH and NHS. It does not replace advice from a qualified clinician. Explore all specialties in our medical departments directory.