Gastroenterology Department: Conditions, Tests and When to Go
Gastroenterology focuses on the digestive system: the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas and bile ducts. Gastroenterologists use endoscopy to look inside the gut and treat many conditions without open surgery.
What Does Gastroenterology Treat?
- Acid reflux (GERD) and heartburn
- Stomach and duodenal ulcers
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis)
- Coeliac disease
- Gut bleeding and anaemia from blood loss
Common Tests in Gastroenterology
- Upper endoscopy (gastroscopy)
- Colonoscopy
- Stool tests including H. pylori
- Abdominal ultrasound or CT
- Blood tests for anaemia and inflammation
When Should You See a Gastroenterology Specialist?
- Difficulty or pain swallowing
- Black stools or vomiting blood (urgent)
- Unexplained weight loss or ongoing diarrhoea
- Persistent abdominal pain
Who Works in Gastroenterology?
Gastroenterology teams include gastroenterologists, endoscopy nurses, dietitians and colorectal surgeons.
Patient Tip
Note what you eat and when symptoms occur for one to two weeks before your visit.
How to Prepare for Your Visit
- Write down your symptoms, when they started and what makes them better or worse.
- Bring a list of all medicines and supplements, with doses.
- Carry previous reports, scans and discharge summaries.
- Note your questions in advance and, if possible, bring a family member.
Questions to Ask Your Gastroenterology Specialist
- What is the most likely cause of my symptoms, and what else could it be?
- Which tests do I need, and what will the results change?
- What are the benefits and risks of each treatment option, including doing nothing?
- Which warning signs mean I should return urgently?
Getting Referred
In Pakistan and many other countries, the usual route to a Gastroenterology specialist is through a family physician or general practitioner, who can start tests and write a referral. Large teaching hospitals and specialist centres also run outpatient clinics. In an emergency, go straight to the nearest emergency department.
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This Gastroenterology department guide is educational and based on public information from WHO, CDC, NIH and NHS. It does not replace advice from a qualified clinician. Explore all specialties in our medical departments directory.